பக்கம்:ஆய்வுக் கோவை.pdf/264

That the Karaka relations correspond to the deep-structure relation may be illustrated by taking one of the Karakas Viz. Karman and explain how Panini treats it. Karman is defined as the most desired of the agent and it is basically represented by the 2nd case-marker. Second case-form is not the only one form which expresses Karman. Karman can be realized in surface level by the verbal voices, derivational affixes and compounds. For example, the basic sentence Kumbham Karoti “he makes the pot” may be represented in the surface level as follows : Kumbhah Kriyate “the pot is made’. Here the Karman is indicated by the passive marker-ya- and the Atmanepada termination - te of the verb Kriyate (P.3 1. 67 and 1. 3. 13) The same Karman may be realized by the Krt affix -ta as in Kumbhah Krtah “pot is made”. (P. 3. 4. 70) And again it can be expressed in compound as Kumbha Kârah “potter* (cf P 3. 2. 1.) Karman may also be realized by the 6th case - form as Kumbhasya Karta “the maker of pots” (P 2. 3. 65) All these sentences are synonymous. They are transformtionally related as the tranformations do not change the meaning. These examples show that a single Kā raka can be realized variously in its surface level. Similarly, a single case-marker may represent different Kā rakas in its deeper level. For instancc, the 3rd case-marker denotes the Kart r (agent) ard Karana (instrument) Thus rā mena ba nema ha to a si “Vali was killed by Rama’’ In this sentence rāmena and b ā zic na are in the third case. I lowever rā mena denotes the agent and bā mena denotes the instruments. This can be understood by transforming the sentence into active as ramah bāgiena vä linam ahan “Rāma killed Vali with an arrow”. But it is not possible to have a sentences. bā nah rā meņa valinam ahan “The arrow killed Vali with Rama”. 256